Physical Perspective
Calamities are phenomena that cause great physical damage in a community infrastructure, its people and their properties, e.g. houses and environmental sources of living. These cited effects of a disaster can be easily measured and the most common.
Natural disasters generally affect the physical infrastructural facilities, agricultural productivity and even lead to loss of life and cause damage to property. Various factors influence the effects of a disaster on a country among them are the magnitude of the disaster, the geography of the area affected, and the recovery efforts directed towards reducing the immediate effects of a disaster.
Physical Effects of Disaster :
-
Injuries
-
Physical disabilities or illness
-
Sanitation
-
Damage in infrastructure
Psychological Perspective
Disasters can cause serious mental health consequences for the victims, which can take the form of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and a variety of other disorder and symptoms which have been less investigated.
Disasters are mostly unpredictable, which leave the victims in a state of shock. They tend to deny the loss and try to escape from reality. Being in a denial state makes the victims more vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and other different maladaptive reactions. Death of a closed one also leaves the victim in a state of insecurity because the sense of love, attachment and belongingness are deprived.
Psychological Effects of Disaster :
-
Shock
-
Terror
-
Grief
Socio-cultural Perspective
A variety of elements, such as social conditions and cultural settings, influence what the people living in disaster-prone areas know and do regarding natural hazards and disaster risks. People are generally also more or less exposed to information and concepts from the outside, from a world distinct from their own cultural context.
Just like what happened in the COVID19 pandemic. Due to the National Health Emergency, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) prevailed in the whole country. A lot of people temporarily lost their jobs, some people stranded in different regions, repatriated OFWs were held in different quarantine facilities in Metro Manila, and all people were restricted from going out of their homes for months. As a result, most Filipino families would rely on the government's help for them to get by. However, limited resources and aid from the government make people find possible ways to survive amid the pandemic.
Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters :
-
Change in individual roles
-
Disruption of social relationships and personal connections
Economic Perspective
A natural disaster is a natural event that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the economic system, with significant negative effects on assets, production factors, output, employment, and consumption. Affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade. It can also partially or totally paralyze a country’s transportation system, just like what happened in the COVID19 pandemic. Implementation of a partial and total shutdown of local business operations results in a lot of people losing means of living.
Economic Effects of Disasters:
-
Loss of life
-
Unemployment
-
Loss of property loss of household articles
-
Loss of crops
-
Loss of public infrastructure
Political Perspective
Natural disasters are commonly thought to be less politically contentious than armed conflicts. Yet, a closer look reveals that politics is deeply wedded to both the impact of a natural disaster and the subsequent delivery of humanitarian assistance.
Just as vulnerability to disasters is mediated by the political system of a country, disasters can have major consequences for political stability and political legitimacy (Hörhager, July 2017. Since agencies of government have a significant role to play in directing disaster preparedness, prevention and recovery. Social systems establish vulnerability to natural disasters and governments are often considered to be responsible for the disaster effects.
Political Effects of Disaster:
-
People who have trust in political institutions will assess the government’s risk assessments as credible and accept their hazard policies (Johnson 1999) - Low level of trust in public institutions therefore means that citizens may ignore the recommendations and disregard the information provided by these institutions (McCaffey 2004). - If individuals are confident that they will receive sufficient aid from the government when a disaster occurs, they might not be motivated to take measures on their own (King and Kang 2000).
Biological Perspective
A variety of elements, such as social conditions and cultural settings, influence what the people living in disaster-prone areas know and do regarding natural hazards and disaster risks. People are generally also more or less exposed to information and concepts from the outside, from a world distinct from their own cultural context.
Just like what happened in the COVID19 pandemic. Due to the National Health Emergency, Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) prevailed in the whole country. A lot of people temporarily lost their jobs, some people stranded in different regions, repatriated OFWs were held in different quarantine facilities in Metro Manila, and all people were restricted from going out of their homes for months. As a result, most Filipino families would rely on the government's help for them to get by. However, limited resources and aid from the government make people find possible ways to survive amid the pandemic.
1. Epidemic Level: Biological disaster affects large numbers of people within a given community or area.
Ex: Dengue.
2. Pandemic Level: Biological disaster affects a much large region, sometime spanning entire continents or the globe
Ex. Swine Flu
Effects of Biological Disasters:
-
Loss of lives
-
Public demobilization
-
Negative economic effect
-
Unemployment
-
Hunger